Basic Sentence Structures
Components of a sentence
Sentence structure শেখার আগে আমাদের
Sentence এর component গুলো জানতে হবে।
Subject (কর্তা):
Sentence এ যার সম্বন্ধে কিছু বলা হয়
বা যার দ্বারা কাজটি সম্পন্ন হয়ে
থাকে।
Example: Rakib is a doctor. I eat rice.
Verb (ক্রিয়া):
কর্তার দ্বারা কৃত কাজ।
Example: Bob gave me a book. He arrived .
Rakib is a doctor.
Transitive Verb:
যে Verb বা ক্রিয়ার Object বা কর্ম
থাকে।
Example: Bob gave me a book.
Intransitive Verb:
যে Verb বা ক্রিয়ার কোন direct object
থাকে না।
Example: He arrived .
(There are many verbs that can be both
transitive and intransitive.)
Linking Verb:
এমন Verb যার দ্বারা কোন কাজ করা
বোঝায় না, যা Subject ও Complement
এর মধ্যে সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করে এবং যার
কোন Object থাকে না।
Example: Be verb (am, is, are, was, were),
appear, seem, get, become, look ইত্যাদি।
Rakib is a doctor.
He seems tired.
Object (কর্ম):
যে noun বা pronoun Verb এর পরে বসে
এবং Verb এর action গ্রহন করে।
Example: He kicked me .
Indirect Object:
যে noun বা pronoun Object হিসেবে
“কাকে?” প্রশ্নের উত্তর দেয়।
Example: Bob gave me a book.
Direct Object:
যে noun বা pronoun Object হিসেবে
“কি?” প্রশ্নের উত্তর দেয়।
Example: Bob gave me a book .
Complement:
বাক্যের এমন অংশ যা Linking Verb এর
পরে বসে এবং Subject এর কোন পরিচয়
প্রকাশ করে।এটি Noun অথবা Adjective
হতে পারে।
Example: Rakib is a doctor . এখানে
Rakib= A doctor
Adverbial:
বাক্যের যে অংশ Adverb হিসেবে কাজ
করে, অর্থাৎ Verb বা Adjective এর
modifier হিসেবে কাজ করে।
Example: I live here. The book is in the
drawer .
STRUCTURES
Structure #1
Subject (Intransitive) Verb
He died
Rakib is playing.
Structure #2
Subject (Transitive)
Verb Object
I Eat Rice
He writes a letter
Structure #3
Subject (Transitive)
Verb
(Indirect)
Object
(Direct)
Object
He told me a story.
Bob gave me a book.
Structure #4
Subject (Linking)
Verb
Complement
(Noun /
Adjective)
I am a teacher
(Noun)
He looks tired (Adjective)
Structure #5
Subject (Transitive)
Verb Object
Complement
(Noun /
Adjective)
We elected him president
(Noun)
I consider him crazy
(Adjective)
Structure #6
Subject Passive Verb
(+Object)
English is spoken (by us).
The thief was caught.
The murderer has been arrested.
Structure #7
Subject Verb Adverbial
Joy is here.
Structure #8
Subject Verb Object Adverbial
He throws the ball away.
Structure #9
There (Be)
Verb
Noun
Phrase Adverbial
There is a mosque in our
village.
Tense Structures
1. Simple (Indefinite) :
Past simple tense :
He played cricket (yesterday)
Present simple tense : He plays cricket (every
day)
Future simple tense : He will
play cricket (tomorrow)
2. Continuous (progressive) :
Past Continuous tense : He was
playing cricket (yesterday)
Present Continuous tense : He am
playing cricket (now)
Future Continuous tense : He will be
playing cricket (tomorrow)
3. Perfect :
Past Perfect tense : He had played cricket
Present Perfect tense : He have played cricket
Future Perfect tense : He will have
played cricket
4. Perfect Continuous (Perfect
progressive) :
Past Perfect Continuous tense : He had been
playing cricket
Present Perfect Continuous tense : He have
been playing cricket
Future Perfect Continuous tense : He will have
been playing cricket

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